August 22, 2024

Uveitis

What is the choroid?

The choroid is the central layer of tissue within the eye’s structure, situated between the retina and the sclera. It forms a fibrous layer rich in arteries, veins, and capillaries, playing a crucial role in eye protection and nourishment, by facilitating blood flow to the inner layers. The choroid is divided into 3 components:

  1. The iris
  2. The ciliary body
  3. The choroidal layer

What is uveitis?

Uveitis refers to inflammation affecting the choroid, a condition known as intraocular inflammation. This inflammation can lead to various vision issues and may present suddenly with symptoms like eye pain, redness, or blurred vision. Uveitis is a multifaceted condition, often requiring collaboration among various medical specialists, including ophthalmologists, internists, and rheumatologists, due to its potential infectious and immune – related causes.

Types of uveitis

Uveitis is classified based on the site of inflammation:

  1. Anterior Uveitis (Iritis): Inflammation of the front part of the eye (iris). This is the most common form
  2. Intermediate Uveitis (Cyclitis): Involves inflammation of the ciliary body
  3. Posterior Uveitis (Choroiditis / Chorioretinitis): Affects the back part of the eye

Causes of uveitis

Uveitis can be triggered by or associated with:

  1. Eye injuries
  2. Systemic inflammatory conditions
  3. Autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis
  4. Infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites

Symptoms of uveitis

Symptoms often appear abruptly and can escalate quickly, including:

  1. Eye redness
  2. Intense eye pain
  3. Blurred or reduced vision
  4. Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
  5. Visual disturbances such as floaters

Diagnosis of uveitis

Diagnosing uveitis involves:

  1. A thorough eye examination, including fundoscopy
  2. Assessment of visual acuity (VA)
  3. Fluorescein angiography (FFA) or indocyanine green angiography (ICG) to visualize retinal and choroidal structures using an injected dye
  4. Blood tests to identify underlying causes

Treatment for uveitis

Prompt treatment is essential to manage inflammation and prevent further damage. The treatment approach varies depending on the type of uveitis but often begins with anti – inflammatory eye drops. Corticosteroids are commonly used alongside mydriatic drops to alleviate pain. Severe cases may require periocular or intravitreal corticosteroid injections, and oral immunosuppressants may be considered. If an infection is the underlying cause, concurrent antibiotic or antiviral treatment is necessary.